Causes of the syrian conflict pdf

The uprising emerged as a response to the arab spring movement that lead to regime change in tunisia and subsequently turned into mass unrest rooted into the discontent with longterm. The conflict has left more than 360,000 people dead. Assads allies iran, a predominately shiite muslim nation, is supporting assad due to the close relation between alawite islam and shiite islam. Executive summary the syrian war has lasted for over seven years and has undergone significant change in terms of the actors involved and the nature of the conflict. A peaceful uprising against the president of syria almost eight years ago turned into a fullscale civil war. However, the causes listed below are major factors that led to the start of the syrian civil war and have kept it going. The conflict began on 15 march 2011, with demonstrations. Beginning in january 2011 and gathering momentum in midmarch, major protest demonstrations took place throughout syria, including the kurdish areas, meeting brutal repression from the authorities. Davis a thesis submitted to johns hopkins university in conformity with the requirements for the degree of master of arts in global security studies baltimore, maryland. However, sectarian rhetoric and perceptions came to prevail in the ensuing conflict. The war in syria initially was an intrastate conflict between the syrian government and internal armed rebel groups. This senior thesis is an in depth analysis of the historical causes of the syrian civil war.

The third, fourth and fifth chapters summarize the necessary empirical evidence about the syrian conflict. It is important to remember that, as the war is still going on, its main causes are still unclear, and most are based on certain point of views. Apr, 2018 this dissonance says a lot about turkeys precarious position in the syrian conflict, which is necessarily defined by its relations with iran and russia. However, the conflict escalated into an internationalized intrastate conflict when regional and global powers split into pro and. As of 2020, roughly half of syria s pre war population remains internally displaced 6. Syria has not been immune from the wave of prodemocracy agitation that has swept the arab world since the end of 2010. The dividing line is ones loyalty to assads government.

Sep 18, 2018 the syrian civil war, which has devastated the entire country of syria and its neighbors, is a complex conflict that involves several nations, rebel groups and terrorist organizations what. A cheat sheet1 1 causes of the syrian civil war discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s syria is 74% sunni, but the assad family is part of a shia sect known as the alawites. Apr 09, 2017 on april 4, 2017, at least eightyeight men, women, and children were killed in a chemical weapons attack in syria. The armed conflict in syria has accelerated in recent months. Discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s. The conflict has left more than 360,000 people dead, devastated cities and drawn in other countries. Legal, political, security and operational implications rana banerji, amb retd amar sinha, and fawad poya in conversation at ipcs to discuss the multidim. Pdf the syrian crisis, which started in 2011 as an antigovernment. The syrian war has raged on for more than 4 years now and the global citizenry had decided to keep quiet until recently grover, 2015. May 14, 2019 the syrian center for policy research, an independent, nonprofit research institution, launched the food security and conflict in syria report on tuesday 14 may 2019 in cooperation with the department of environmental health at the faculty of public health sciences in the american university of beirut. The first step in dealing with conflict is identifying the specific cause of the conflict. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. The conflict in syria began as an offshoot of the 2011 arab spring uprisings. Mar 31, 2020 syrian civil war, armed conflict that began in 2011 with an uprising against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad.

The syrian conflict is as a multilayered struggle involving many actors and interests. Syrias war explained from the beginning news al jazeera. Understanding why the conflict began is only possible when these causes are considered together as a holistic whole rather than as standalone explanations. Dec 14, 2016 below are a few resources focusing on the causes and consequences of the ongoing hopefully soon to be recent civil war in syria. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of the disease observed in syrian refugees. This does not mean that syria is exclusively, or even mainly, experiencing a sectarian civil war, as many analysts have represented it. Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in syria. Causes and consequences of the syrian civil war scholar. The civil war in syria and the impotence of international politics muriel asseburg and heiko wimmen entering the third year of the con. Early insurgency phase of the syrian civil war wikipedia. This type of fighting also accumulates reasons for revenge. The causes of the civil war in syria this guardian video does a reasonable job. The syrian civil war, which has devastated the entire country of syria and its neighbors, is a complex conflict that involves several nations, rebel groups and.

War money lost are in millions and innocent lives are lost in thousands. Note the separate alawite area and the separate druze area. While lack of freedoms and economic woes drove resentment of the syrian. At its core, the civil war in syria is not a religious conflict. I argue that the main components leading to the civil war under bashar alasad were as follows. Response congressional research service humanitarian situation. The syrian civil war and its effects american center for. Regime and rebels are locked in a battle for survival. Kenneth mckenzie stated that while baghdadis death may cause a slight disruption to the.

Initially, the syrian protesters who rose up against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad in 2011 adopted a nonsectarian approach. Although the protests began in march 2011, the battle for power or internal control in syria is not a fresh issue. The underlying reasons for the political oppositions difficulties are mainly due to the oppressive political environ ment from which it emerged. The devastating civil war that began in syria in march 2011 is the result of complex interrelated factors. Syrian civil war compiled by thomas plofchan march 6, 2011. Syrian war report c p turner 27th april 2018 conflict analysis and resolution information services.

The syrian civil war is a complicated web of alliances and rivalries, which has drawn several international actors into its turmoil. The syrian observatory for human rights sohr, a monitoring group based in the uk, estimated the death toll since the start of the war to be as high as 511,000 as of march 2018. The baath government is fighting against people who want to remove this government. Structural factors present within the country created tensions when the revolutionary wave of the arab spring invested the frustrations of many segments of the. Discontent about the governments response to the drought that beset syria from. The syrian civil war, also known as the syrian uprising arabic. Throughout its history, ancient and modern, syria has played host to ethnic and religious minorities living together very much in harmony. It will not end with him making sufficient reforms to enable a transparent and free syrian. Civil wars are thus distinguished from interstate conflicts in which states fight other states, violent conflicts or riots not involving states sometimes labeled intercommunal conflicts, and state repression against. In july 2011, defectors from the military announced the formation of the free syrian army, a rebel group aiming to overthrow the government, and syria began to slide into civil war. Within a month following the first wave of protests in midmarch 2011, sectarian iden. Nadim nassar syria bashar alassad, civil war, hezbollah, sunni. Syria under baath party was a secular oasis in the region. In 2019, turkey launched a cross border military operation attempting to expel syrian kurdish u.

If the conflict was not caused by ageold sectarian hatreds released by a. From poor policy to regional conflict by kristen l. Response congressional research service 2 emerged as a persistent challenge for u. Conflict mapping and the syrian civil war by mlh26 11 february 2018 generally speaking, conflict assessments are conducted with the aim of improving the effectiveness of conflict prevention and management programmes and strategies. The syrian uprising began in march 2011 with antigovernment protests in provincial areas that later spread throughout the country. Ipcs discussion afghanistan and the ustaliban agreement. A living child has its whole life as a future, but its ripped off. Parasitic infections syrian refugee health profiles. Syrian civil war started in 2011 was the outcome of the opposition against the president bashar alassad regime. Syrian civil war geneva international centre for justice.

With this aim in mind, we have worked with syrian grassroots women organisations to collect data, develop drafting skills, improve gender analysis and. We believe that this analysis, done by the syrian experts listed below who have the first hand experience on the ground and carry the voices, hopes and concerns of syrian women is an essential tool for policy makers, international. The emergence and consequences of the syrian civil war essay politics international politics topic. In the maghreb, where the arab spring began so hopefully with the tunisian uprising, sectarianism is not an issue, though extremism has spread back poisonously from the war in syria and the growth. The uprising emerged as a response to the arab spring movement that lead to regime change in tunisia and subsequently turned into mass unrest rooted into the discontent with longterm dictatorship and poor economic situation in the country manfreda, n.

Since its start in 2011, the syria conflict has presented significant policy challenges for. On day of rage, small protests against the regime of president bashar alassad. Initially, the uprising in syria was not fueled by sectarianism, but rather by unifying political. The incomplete democracy and the onset of war, causes and. Both regime and rebels see themselves in a fight for survival that leaves no room for compromise. However, some religious communities tend to be more supportive of the regime than others, fueling mutual suspicion and. The growing sectarian nature of syrias conflict may spread. The focus of the conflict is regime change, but the triggers include a broad set of religious and sociopolitical factors, the erosion of the economic health of the country, a wave of political reform sweeping over the middle east and north africa mena and levant region, and challenges.

Apr 14, 2018 after seven years of murderous conflict, syria is now the battlefield for a multitude of conflicts, some intertwined, some entirely unrelated and with their own logic, driven by a cast of regional. The emergence and consequences of the syrian civil war. The syrian conflict will not end with bashar assad voluntarily stepping aside, or choosing exile. Dec 20, 2016 the unique make up of syria, the war in iraq, and arab spring are 3 possible causes. Causes, consequences, and recommendations for mitigation a paper commissioned by the center for the prevention of genocide, united states holocaust memorial museum by ambassador frederic c. The brutal repression of peaceful antigovernment protests pushed the country towards a civil war. Roots of the syrian crisis institute of peace and conflict. Introduction around 18 thousand people by july 20121 have died in syria since the beginning of the uprising in march 2011. The focus of the conflict is regime change, but the triggers include a broad set of religious and sociopolitical factors, the erosion of the economic health of the country, a wave of political reform sweeping over the middle east and north africa mena and levant. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

War and conflict in relation to development is part of the a level sociology global development topic. The syrian uprisings transformation to civil war is a result of the assads ruling practices. Pdf when the arab spring reached syria, its pharaoh, bashar alassad, was in no mood to give up easily. Below are a few resources focusing on the causes and consequences of the ongoing hopefully soon to be recent civil war in syria. Notwithstanding this, the knowledge base on the sources or causes of organizational con. The syrian conflict is portrayed by many as a sectarian one since a majority of the population was sunni and the president is an alawite, considered a subsect of shias. The early insurgency phase of the syrian civil war lasted from late july 2011 to april 2012, and was associated with the rise of armed oppositional militias across syria and the beginning of armed rebellion against the authorities of the syrian arab republic. The syrian crisis, which started in 2011 as an antigovernment protest against president basharalassad, transformed into a civil war in the first quarter of 2012. The syrian civil war, which has devastated the entire country of syria and its neighbors, is a complex conflict that involves several nations, rebel groups and terrorist organizations.

The context, causes, and consequences of syrian displacement. Syrian civil war simple english wikipedia, the free. The causes and catalysts of the current civil war in syria are many and varied, including narratives that range across religion, poverty, past repression, and ideology. External actors and interests as drivers of conflict. Civil war, a violent conflict between a state and one or more organized nonstate actors in the states territory. The syrian government, the opposition rebels, foreign powers and islamic militants are all the. The international communitys catastrophic failure to take concrete action to protect the people of syria has allowed parties to the conflict, most notably the syrian government, to commit war.

They were living in a region known to be inhabited by rebel forces seeking to overthrow the regime of syrian president bashar alassad. Hof, senior fellow, rafik hariri center for the middle east, atlantic council of the united states and. However, this is not to deny that some causes and catalysts have. Autopsy results of three victims suggest that the banned chemical agent sarin. Post world war 1, the french and the british divided up the middle east into areas of influence. The conflict drew involvement from a number of international actors and helped precipitate the rise of isil also called isis or islamic state in eastern syria. Though armed insurrection incidents began as early as june 2011 when rebels killed 120140 syrian security personnel. When the war is over and the world has time to reflect, history will become clearer. In the southern town of daraa, police arrest some fifteen young boys for spraypainting buildings with the slogan, the people want the downfall of the regime. This paper sets out to explain the syrian crisis and analyse. Being able to identify the specific cause of the conflict youre dealing with will. Syrian civil war, armed conflict that began in 2011 with an uprising against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad. Sparked on april 29th in the town of daraa by a group of year old boys who wrote on the side of their school the government must go. Peace and conflict monitor, causes and catalysts of the civil.